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Image Source: iStock.com For self-insured employers, heart disease and diabetes are considered significant hindrances in the effort to improve employee health while reducing overall healthcare costs. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women and about 9.4% of Americans are diagnosed with diabetes. In order to control cost and help employees, employers typically look to disease state management programs. While many of these programs seem beneficial, the durability and long-term effects have limited evaluation. What is a disease management program? Disease management programs (DMPs) are structured treatment plans that aim to help people better manage their chronic disease and to maintain and improve quality of life. DMPs are also run with the general goal of improving medical treatment in the long term. Disease management programs also aim to improve cooperation between the various specialists and institutions that provide care for a patient, such as family and specialist doctors, hospitals and rehabilitation centers.1 What are the long-term outcomes of a DMP?2 A recent study published in the NCBI had the main objective of assessing the 5-year health, economic, and quality-of-life patient outcomes of an employer-sponsored disease state management program. The program included one-on-one appointments with a pharmacist that included medication therapy management, implementation and adherence to 7 personalized lifestyle medicine programs (ie, physical activity, healthy eating, stress management, restorative sleep, moderate alcohol consumption, tobacco abstinence/cessation, and weight control), and chronic disease care coordination practices. The results of the study identified: Decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: 96.71 mg/dL vs 84.83 mg/dL, respectively Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: 39.32 mg/dL vs 46.12 mg/dL Decreased systolic blood pressure: 132.04 mm Hg vs 123.63 mm Hg Average exercise time increased: 50 minutes weekly vs 156.04 minutes weekly The combined healthcare and productivity return on investment for the program at 5 years was $9.64 for every $1 invested. What is the difference between a Disease Management program and the Chronic Condition Management Program offered by Tria Health? Tria Health started as a disease management program and has its foundation there, but many disease management programs are focused one particular disease state versus the program offered by Tria Health which is patient-centered. Most patients have more than one chronic condition, so taking a ‘patient-centered’ approach improves overall care and costs. Interested in improving your employee’s health? Tria Health offers Chronic Condition Management through our Pharmacy Advocate Program. Clinical Pharmacists provide one-on-one telephonic counseling for members and are their personal advocate to help them navigate through the health care system. Through reviewing a member’s medications and lifestyle, including their sleep habits, Tria Pharmacists can make recommendations that will help control their chronic conditions and help them feel better! Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207306/ #DiseaseManagementPrograms #HealthCareCosts #Diabetes #RiskReduction #EmployeeHealth #DMPs #ChronicConditionManagement #HeartDisease

Image Source: Rawpixel/Unsplash Are you currently taking a prescription medication? Per the government’s National Health Survey, about 20 percent of adults are taking three or more drugs. While medications can turn once fatal diseases into manageable, chronic conditions, those taking five or more medications were nearly twice as likely to seek medical care than those taking one or two meds.1 It’s important to understand what medications you’re taking, and the steps you need to follow to reduce your risk of adverse drug reactions. How do Adverse Drug Reactions Happen?1 There are three primary causes of dangerous prescription drug use: Hyper-specialized doctors: Many patients with chronic conditions have multiple physicians. While this can benefit the patient by providing them with specialized resources, the lack of communication between health care providers can sometimes lead to the prescribing of drugs that interact negatively. Prescription cascades: The risk of side effects comes with every medication. Prescription cascades occur when new medications are prescribed in an effort to treat the sides effects of other medications. Poor research: Unfortunately for older adults, drug trials are often focused on young adults. This can lead to a lack of information regarding the negative effects of individual drugs or interactions among multiple drugs. Simple Steps to Avoid Adverse Drug Reactions Talk with your doctor and pharmacist about any new medications. Make sure they know about any vitamins and supplements you are currently taking. Follow all the dosing instructions listed on each of your medications. Keep an updated medication list on hand for any of your medical appointments. You can also use AARP’s online drug interaction checker. Tria Health can help If Tria Health is offered through your benefits plan, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins and supplements. Tria Health will assist you in identifying any possible adverse drug reactions or savings opportunities! Source: https://lowninstitute.org/medication-overload-how-the-drive-to-prescribe-is-harming-older-americans/ #AdverseDrugReactions #DrugReactions #NationalHealthSurvey #TriaHealth

World Asthma Day is an annual event organized by the Global Initiative for Asthma to improve asthma awareness and care around the world. World Asthma Day is held on the first Tuesday in May, in collaboration with health care groups and asthma educators throughout the world. Asthma impacts around 8.3% of Americans, which is close to 26.5 million people.1 This Tuesday, take the time to learn more about Asthma and how you can help raise awareness! What is Asthma? Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning.2 What are the Signs and Symptoms of Asthma? While these symptoms are very common for individuals with asthma, the best way to know for sure is to schedule an appointment with your doctor. They’re be able to perform a physical exam and possibly a lung function test. Common signs and symptoms of asthma include: Coughing: Coughing from asthma often is worse at night or early in the morning, making it hard to sleep. Wheezing: Wheezing is a whistling or squeaky sound that occurs when you breathe. Chest tightness: This may feel like something is squeezing or sitting on your chest. Shortness of breath: Some people who have asthma say they can’t catch their breath, or they feel out of breath. You may feel like you can’t get air out of your lungs. How can you participate in World Asthma Day? Organize debates about local issues affecting asthma control—e.g., pollution, smoking, access to asthma care & medication Organize a hike for people with asthma and their friends, led by a health care provider who can educate the group about managing asthma in an outdoor environment. Arrange school visits on or prior to World Asthma Day—educate children about asthma and offer on-the-spot peak flow meter testing. These activities could be combined with plays, concerts, or poetry competitions highlighting the concept of asthma control. Find more ideas here. Tria Health and Asthma Many patients decide to take medications in order to effectively manage their asthma. If Tria Health is offered through your benefits plan, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one, private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins and supplements. If you’re interested in exploring medication treatments for asthma, Tria’s pharmacist will be able to provide you with recommendations. Questions? Call the Tria Health Help Desk: 1.888.799.8742 Sources: https://acaai.org/news/facts-statistics/asthma https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma #Symptoms #AsthmaSymptoms #WorldAsthmaDay #GlobalInitiativeforAsthma #TriaHealth #Asthma

Disposing of medications safely can help protect your family from getting or using medications that are expired or out of date; prevent the illegal use of unused medications and minimize any potential negative impact on the environment. For this reason, the DEA is giving the public an opportunity to dispose of unwanted and/or expired prescription drugs. This is a FREE and anonymous service—take medications back, no questions asked! Where do I go? Visit the DEA’s website to find a collection site: https://apps.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubdispsearch/spring/main?execution=e1s1 Why can’t I throw out my medications at home? Unfortunately, there are a lot of harmful myths floating around regarding medication disposal. Many people will try to flush their medications down the toilet or crush their medicines before throwing them in the trash. Flushing can end up polluting our waters and crushing medicines can put trash handlers at risk of exposure if the drug were to encounter their skin or if they were to breathe in the dust. Medicine take back programs are the best way to dispose of unwanted medicine. How can Tria Health Help? As a member of Tria Health, if you have multiple medications and are afraid you’ll throw away the wrong medication, we can provide additional assistance in selecting the proper medications. Tria provides one-on-one consultations with a clinical pharmacist who assists you with your medication management. Questions? Call the Tria Health Help Desk at 1.888.799.8742 #MedicationDisposal #DrugTakeback #NationalDrugTakeBackDay #DEA #TriaHealth

Image Source: Bruno Nascimento/Unsplash Did you know that even small amounts of exercise can lead to significant health benefits? Because of this, the American Heart Association is urging adults to get moving, starting this April. A government study estimates that nearly 80 percent of adult Americans do not get the recommended amounts of exercise each week, potentially setting themselves up for years of health problems.1 The guidelines are based on current scientific evidence supporting the connections between physical activity, overall health and well-being, disease prevention and quality of life. Are you one of the 4 out of 5 Americans not meeting the guidelines? Get started today! How much should you be exercising? 2 Get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity, or a combination of both, preferably spread throughout the week. Add moderate- to high-intensity muscle-strengthening activity (such as resistance or weights) on at least 2 days per week. Spend less time sitting. Even light-intensity activity can offset some of the risks of being sedentary. Gain even more benefits by being active at least 300 minutes (5 hours) per week. Increase amount and intensity gradually over time. What are the benefits of exercising? 3 There are numerous reasons why you should exercise on a regular basis. For starters, your overall mood will improve. Regular exercise can relieve stress, anxiety, depression and anger. In addition, there are multiple health benefits. Being more active can help you: Lower your blood pressure Boost your levels of good cholesterol Improve blood flow (circulation) Keep your weight under control Prevent bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis Have any Questions? Contact the Tria Health Help Desk at 1.888.799.8742 Sources: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr112.pdf https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/why-is-physical-activity-so-important-for-health-and-wellbeing #MoveMoreMonth #Exercise #BloodPressure #Cholesterol #Activity #BenefitsofExercise #GoodCholesterol #AmericanHeartAssociation

Image Source: Caleb Simpson/Unsplash The CBD industry has been booming as of late and you might be wondering if CBD oil is right for you. Unfortunately, the popularity of CBD products is growing faster than researchers can keep up, and there are a lot of unknowns when it comes to the benefits and drawbacks.1 Currently, the FDA has not approved CBD oil as a standalone medication. While doctors can still recommend it, they cannot currently write a prescription. Before purchasing CBD oil, it’s important to talk with a pharmacist to avoid any negative medication interactions. What is CBD Oil? Cannabidiol is extracted from the flowers and buds of marijuana or hemp plants. It does not produce intoxication; marijuana’s “high” is caused by the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The non-intoxicating marijuana extract is being credited with helping treat a host of medical problems — everything from epileptic seizures to anxiety to inflammation to sleeplessness.2 Is CBD Oil Safe? Last year, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel unanimously recommended approval of the CBD medication Epidolex to treat two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.3 As for CBD’s usefulness in treating other conditions, the consensus is still unclear. One current concern regarding the efficacy of CBD oil is the lack of regulation. The FDA does not currently regulate products like CBD oil which can lead to a variation in ingredients product-to-product. CBD Oil and Medication Interactions It’s very important to talk to a pharmacist before starting CBD oil, because it can interact with a lot of common and daily medications. CBD oil is broken down by enzymes in your liver and during that process, it can block those same enzymes from breaking down other medications. Drugs for anxiety, cholesterol, seizures, blood thinners and heart medicines can all interact negatively with CBD oil.1 While we’re not saying that you should avoid CBD oil all together, you should always speak with a doctor or pharmacist before purchasing. Tria Health Can Answer Your Medication Questions If Tria Health is offered through your benefits plan, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one, private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins and supplements. If you’re interested in exploring CBD Oil, Tria’s pharmacist will be able to provide you with recommendations. Sources: https://www.wbir.com/article/news/health/pharmacists-cbd-may-interfere-with-some-daily-medications/51-142c8c3e-0fd7-43c8-b6e8-6fb68a3d5e97 https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/news/20180507/cbd-oil-all-the-rage-but-is-it-safe-effective#1 https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm611046.htm #Cannabidiol #CBDOil #CBD #CBDOilSafety #FDA #MedicationInteractions

Image Source: Fernando @cferdo/Unsplash.com According to a recent study published in Psychological Medicine, mental health disorders affect 44 million American adults. This includes a variety of conditions, including depression and anxiety. It is critical for organizations to provide support for mental health, not only for the overall well-being of their employees but also to help manage their overall health care cost. Employers Should Invest in Mental Health Because They Bear 50% of the Cost Including mental health services in a comprehensive benefits package is a smart decision for all employers. By investing early, employers can attract new talent and offset some additional costs that are associated with unmanaged mental health. Almost 43% of persons with severe depressive symptoms reported serious difficulties in work, home and social activities.1 A 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, estimates depression costs the U.S. economy $210 billion annually; employers bear 50% of that cost. Patients with Chronic Conditions and Depression are 2x Less Adherent Chronic conditions can be a lot to manage at an individual level. It’s not surprising that a percentage of those who are diagnosed with a chronic condition also experience some form of depression or anxiety. Studies show that people with diabetes have a greater risk of depression than people without diabetes.2 This connection is significant when it comes to adherence. Results from 47 independent samples showed that depression was significantly associated with non-adherence to the diabetes regimen. In addition, the estimated odds of a depressed patient being non-adherent are 1.76 times the odds of a non-depressed patient, across 31 studies and 18,245 participants.3 Provide a Path to Care – Connect Employees to Providers Employers can make accessing a mental or behavioral healthcare provider easier by offering a program that helps connect employees with providers who are in-network, vetted for quality of services and accepting new patients.4 They can also provide assistance by making sure employees know what programs and benefits are available. It’s one thing to offer mental health services to employees, but it’s equally important that everyone is familiar with and know how to access them. Tria Health and Mental Health Many patients decide to take medications in order to effectively manage their mental health. There are a variety of mental health medications currently on the market, ranging from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to atypical antidepressants. Because there isn’t a test to measure to brain chemicals, it can be a trial and error process to identify the best treatment for a patient. If Tria Health is offered through your benefits plan, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one, private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins and supplements. If you’re interested in exploring medication treatments for mental health, Tria’s pharmacist will be able to provide you with recommendations. Questions? Call the Tria Health Help Desk: 1.888.799.8742 Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db172.htm Diabetes Care. 2008 Dec; 31(12): 2398–2403. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1341 J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Oct;26(10):1175-82. doi: 10.1007/s11606-011-1704-y. Epub 2011 May 1. https://www.employeebenefitadviser.com/opinion/increasing-employee-access-to-mental-health-benefits?tag=00000151-16d0-def7-a1db-97f024be0000 #Nonadherence #employerbenefits #Anxiety #SSRI #Employers #Depression #ChronicConditionManagement #MentalHealth #antidepressants

Image Source: Martin Brosy/Unsplash Today we celebrate and recognize all the physicians and providers for the impact they make on their patients and the health care industry. The U.S. healthcare system now represents more than 18% of our nation’s gross domestic product. Physicians are on the front lines every day and the hours are long; the work can be stressful; but they are still there day after day. Take the time to celebrate the physicians in your life! National Doctor’s Day can be celebrated in several different ways. You can personally thank your doctor or send them a card or flowers. At Tria Health, we coordinate with thousands of physicians across the country. Our goal is to consistently provide them the resources they need to continually provide optimal care to their patients. Tria Health’s pharmacists provide one-on-one, private consultations to members who take multiple medications and have a chronic condition. During a consultation, a pharmacist will review all a patient’s current medications, including vitamins and supplements. They then identify any opportunities for improvement, whether it be with cost or dosage. All this information is then shared with a patient’s physician(s). Improving patient health is a team effort, and today we thank our MVPs. Be sure to reach out and thank your doctor today! #NationalDoctorsDay

Image Source: brook lark/Unsplash The sun is shining, the birds are chirping but unfortunately a lot of homes are still covered with the dust and clutter from winter. Spring cleaning is a tradition that allows us to freshen up our homes and get prepped for spring and summer fun! While you’re spring cleaning this year, be sure to take the time to go through your medicine cabinet and remove any unnecessary or expired medications. What Should You Look For? Check Expiration Dates: Taking a medication that is slightly expired is unlikely to cause harm, but it is possible that it may not work as well. In general, it is best to acquire a new prescription if your medication is expired. In addition, if the appearance of the medication has changed this may be an indication of an expired product. If you have an injectable solution or oral suspension that has changed colors or consistency this might indicate a new prescription is needed. Find Leftover Prescriptions: Leftover antibiotics and other prescription medications from a previous condition should be discarded. You should never attempt to treat yourself or anyone else with a prescription medicine. Although your symptoms might seem similar to an illness you had before, the cause could be different, or the medicine may not be the right one to use this time around.1 Where to Dispose of Medications Many people will try to flush their medications down the toilet or crush their medicines before throwing them in the trash to try and be safe. However, this can be dangerous. Flushing can end up polluting our waters and crushing medicines can put trash handlers at risk of exposure if the drug were to encounter their skin or if they were to breathe in the dust. Medicine take back programs are the best way to dispose of unwanted medicine. Click here to locate a year-round authorized collector in your area. How can Tria Health Help? As a member of Tria Health, if you have questions about whether or not you should dispose of your existing medications, call us and one of our pharmacists can give you the professional guidance you need. in addition, if you take multiple medications or have a chronic condition, Tria provides one-on-one consultations with a clinical pharmacist who can assist you with your medication management. Questions? Call the Tria Health Help Desk at 1.888.799.8742 Source: http://www.healthcommunities.com/medications/spring-clean-your-medicine-cabinet.shtml #ExpirationDates #MedicationDisposal #prescription #SpringCleaning #TriaHealth #Medicine

Image Source: allef Vinicius/Unsplash It’s official, spring is here! While many of us are excited about the rise in temperature, if you’re one of the millions of people who have seasonal allergies, you may be dreading what’s to come. Seasonal allergies can mean sneezing, congestion, a runny nose and other unpleasant symptoms. Luckily, there are many steps you can take to minimize the effects and keep allergies under control. Reduce Your Triggers1 Limiting your exposure to allergens can help reduce your overall symptoms. A few ways you can do so are: Stay indoors on dry, windy days. The best time to go outside is after a good rain, which helps clear pollen from the air. Delegate lawn mowing, weed pulling and other gardening chores that stir up allergens. Remove clothes you’ve worn outside and shower to rinse pollen from your skin and hair. Keep Your Home Clean While some allergens may still get into your home, there are many ways you can lessen their impact. Limit the number of rugs in your home and wash any that are washable Use air conditioning and utilize high-efficiency filters Keep your indoor air dry with a dehumidifier Explore Over-The-Counter Options Oral antihistamines: Can help relieve sneezing, itching, a runny nose and watery eyes. Examples include: Claritin, Alavert, Zyrtec Allergy and Allegra Allergy Decongestants: Provide temporary relief from nasal stuffiness. Only use nasal decongestants for a few days in a row. Longer-term use of decongestant nasal sprays can actually worsen symptoms (rebound congestion). Examples Include: Sudafed, Neo-Synephrine and Afrinol Nasal Spray: Most effective when used before symptoms start and can ease most allergy symptoms. Combination Medications: A combination of an antihistamine with a decongestant. Examples Include: Claritin-D and Allegra-D Tria Health Can Answer Your Medication Questions If Tria Health is offered through your benefits plan, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one, private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins and supplements. If you’re interested in exploring medication treatments for allergies, Tria’s pharmacist will be able to provide you with recommendations. Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/in-depth/seasonal-allergies/art-20048343 #Allergens #overthecountermedication #AllergySeason #Allergies #TriaHealth #MayoClinic

Image Source: Melissa Belanger/Unsplash National Nutrition Month® is a nutrition education and information campaign created annually in March by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The campaign focuses on the importance of making informed food choices and developing sound eating and physical activity habits. How can you get involved?1 Choose foods and drinks that are good for your health. Include a variety of healthful foods from all of the food groups on a regular basis. Select healthier options when eating away from home. Be mindful of portion sizes. Eat and drink the amount that’s right for you. Keep it simple. Eating right doesn’t have to be complicated. Make food safety part of your everyday routine. Help to reduce food waste by considering the foods you have on hand before buying more at the store. Find activities that you enjoy and be physically active most days of the week. Looking for healthy recipes? In honor of National Nutrition Month, Tria Health has assembled some of our favorite nutritional recipes: Spinach & Strawberry Pasta Salad Lemon-Glazed Trout Really Green Smoothie Chronic Conditions and Nutrition If you have a chronic condition, a carefully planned diet can make a difference. With certain diseases, what you eat may reduce symptoms. In other cases, diet can improve health. Although your diet might differ depending on your condition and lifestyle, there are three keys to a healthy eating plan that will work for diabetes, heart health, cancer prevention and weight management: Eat meals and snacks regularly (at planned times). Eat about the same amount of food at each meal or snack. Choose healthful foods to support a healthy weight and heart. Have any questions? Contact the Tria Health Help Desk at 1.888.799.8742. Source: https://www.eatright.org/food/resources/national-nutrition-month/national-nutrition-month-celebration-toolkit #Nutrition #chronicconditions #LemonGlazedTrout #NationalNutritionMonth #ReallyGreenSmoothie #StrawberryPastaSalad #healthyrecipes #HealthyEating

Image Source: qimono/pixabay.com The CDC considers vaccinations to be one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century.1-3 Thanks to vaccines, the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases have considerably diminished since vaccinations became available. Unfortunately, while vaccines are considered safe and effective in preventing illness, an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 US adults die from vaccine-preventable diseases every year.4-5 In order to improve the overall vaccination rate, it’s important we utilize all our resources. Pharmacists are easily accessible and can be instrumental in providing patients with pertinent information to help them make informed choices regarding immunizations. Why Vaccines are Important There are two main benefits for vaccination: You can help lower your chance of getting certain disease Hepatitis B vaccine lowers your risk of liver cancer. HPV vaccine lowers your risk of cervical cancer. Flu vaccine lowers your risk of flu-related heart attacks or other flu-related complications from existing health conditions like diabetes and chronic lung disease. You can lower your chance of spreading disease. Some people in your family or community may not be able to get certain vaccines due to their age or health condition. They rely on you to help prevent the spread of disease. Infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems (like those undergoing cancer treatment) are especially vulnerable to infectious disease. Vaccines are both effective and safe. They go through years of testing before the FDA licenses them for use. Both the CDC and FDA continue to track the safety of all licensed vaccines.6 Recommended Immunization Schedules The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends the following vaccination schedules: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/ How Pharmacists can Help Pharmacists are also in a unique position to identify those patients who are in target groups for certain vaccinations. They may also be able to ease the fears of many patients by providing them with facts such as clinical data and by dispelling common misconceptions and myths about vaccinations; they can also stress the significant risks associated with not being vaccinated.7 Tria Health was founded on the belief that pharmacists play a vital role in the management of high-risk patients. With Tria, you have the option of receiving a one-on-one private consultation with one of Tria Health’s pharmacists over the phone. During your consultation, your pharmacist will review all your current medications, including vitamins, supplements and lifestyle habits. Your pharmacist will be able to answer any questions you may have regarding vaccinations. Sources: Oldfield BJ, Stewart RW. Common misconceptions, advancements, and updates in pediatric vaccine administration. South Med J. 2016;109(1):38-41. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000399. Ventola CL. Immunization in the United States: recommendations, barriers, and measures to improve compliance: part 2: adult vaccinations. P T. 2016;41(8):492-506. Temoka E. Becoming a vaccine champion: evidence-based interventions to address the challenges of vaccination. S D Med. 2013;(theme issue): 68-72. Bach AT, Goad JA. The role of community pharmacy-based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future directions. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015;4:67-77. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S63822. Poland GA, Schaffner W, Hopkins RH Jr, US Department of Health & Human Services. Immunization guidelines in the United States: new vaccines and new recommendations for children, adolescents, and adults. Vaccine. 2013;31(42):4689-4693. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.031. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/reasons-to-vaccinate.html https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2019/january2019/adult-vaccination-rates-are-rising-but-fall-short #CDC #Vaccinations #Pharmacists #Immunization #Vaccine #TriaHealth #ImmunizationSchedule